Association of Ants and Honeydew Producing Sucking Pests in Bangalore Provenance of Sandal (Santalum album Linn.)
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mutualism between individuals of two species is increasingly recognized as a common and important ecological interaction. Interactions between ants and honeydew-producing hemipteran insects are abundant and widespread in arthropod food webs, though their ecological consequences are not well understood. Ant-hemipteran interactions have potentially broad ecological effects, because the presence of honeydew-producing hemipterans dramatically alters the abundance and predatory behaviour of ants on plants. In this paper we present an account of the ants and Hemiptera that were observed in association in Bangalore provenance of sandal. Different ants were found associated with five species of coccids viz., Cardiococcus bivalvata Green (Coccidae), Ceroplastes actiniformis Green (Coccidae), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Pseudococcidae), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) (Coccidae) and Saissetia coffeae Targioni-Tozzetti (Coccidae) and three species of membracids viz., Leptocentrus longispinus Dist., Otinotus oneratus Walk. and Oxyrachis tarandus Fabr. Ants were known for protecting hemipterans from predators and parasitoids, their association may accelerate the growth and impact of honeydew-producing hemipterans on sandal plants and these findings were discussed in this paper.
منابع مشابه
Amino acids in sandal (Santalum album L) with special reference to cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline and sym. homospermidine
Sandal (Santalum album L) contains several interesting amino acids and amines which are not seen in other plants. This includes cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline in free form in leaves, flowers and seeds while trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in bound form. Traces of 3, 4 dehydroproline is also detected in sandal leaves. Biosynthesis of cis-4-hydroxy proline indicates that hydroxylation taken place at proline p...
متن کاملThe biosynthesis of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline in sandal (Santalum album L.).
Two isomers of hydroxyproline are present in sandal leaves (Santalum album L.), cis-4-hydroxy-Lproline in the free state (Radhakrishnan & Giri, 1954) and bound trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, which forms a minor proportion (4%) of total hydroxyproline (Kuttan & Radhakrishnan, 1969). Bound trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline in plants (Lamport, 1965) is presumably synthesized by a mechanism similar to that in ...
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1. trans-4-Hydroxy-l-proline was found to occur in the bound state in the leaves of sandal (Santalum album L.), in which large amounts of free cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline are also present. 2. Bound trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline was present, associated mainly with a ;wall' fraction and a ;soluble' fraction roughly in equal proportions. 3. Bound proline is present only in small amounts in the ;soluble' f...
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